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SMS Graudenz
SMS ''Graudenz'' was the lead ship of her class of light cruisers. She had one sister ship, . The ship was built by the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) in the ''Kaiserliche Werft'' shipyard in Kiel, laid down in 1912 and commissioned into the High Seas Fleet in August 1914, days after the outbreak of World War I. She was named for the then-German town of Graudenz (now Grudziądz, Poland). The ship was armed with a main battery of twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns and had a top speed of .
''Graudenz'' saw extensive service during World War I, including serving as part of the reconnaissance screen for the battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group during the raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby in December 1914. The ship also took part in the Battle of Dogger Bank in January 1915, and the Battle of the Gulf of Riga in August 1915. She had been damaged by a mine and was unable to participate in the Battle of Jutland in May 1916. She was assigned to the planned final operation of the High Seas Fleet in October 1918, weeks before the end of the war, but a major mutiny forced the cancellation of the plan. After the end of the war, the ship was ceded to Italy as a war prize and commissioned into the Italian Navy as ''Ancona''; she remained in service until 1937 when she was stricken and broken up for scrap.
==Design==
(詳細はErsatz'' "〔In German, "Prinzess" is rendered "Prinzeß."〕〔"Ersatz" means "replacement"; ships in the German Navy were ordered either as replacements for worn out vessels—in this case, a replacement for the old cruiser —or as an increase in the size of the fleet. These ships were given a letter designation.〕 and was laid down at the ''Kaiserliche Werft'' shipyard in Kiel in 1912 and was launched on 25 October 1913. At her launch, the mayor of Graudenz, Dr. Kühnast, christened the ship.〔Hildebrand, Röhr, & Steinmetz, p. 245〕 She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 10 August 1914.〔Gröner, pp. 109–110〕 The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced at full combat load.〔Gröner, p. 110〕 Her propulsion system consisted of two sets of Marine steam turbines driving two propellers. They were designed to give . These were powered by ten coal-fired Marine-type water-tube boilers and two oil-fired double-ended boilers. These gave the ship a top speed of . ''Graudenz'' carried of coal, and an additional of oil that gave her a range of approximately at . She had a crew of 21 officers and 364 enlisted men.〔
The ship was armed with twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle, eight were located amidships, four on either side, and two in a superfiring pair aft.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 161〕 The guns had a maximum elevation of 30 degrees, which allowed them to engage targets out to .〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 140〕 These were later replaced with seven 15 cm SK L/45 guns and two 8.8 cm SK L/45 anti-aircraft guns. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes with five torpedoes submerged in the hull on the broadside. Two deck-mounted launchers were added when the gun armament was upgraded. She could also carry 120 mines. The ship was protected by a waterline armored belt that was thick amidships. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to 60 mm thick armor plate.〔Gröner, p. 109〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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